Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health concern, with long-term complications persisting even after successful treatment. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) is a progressive fungal disease that frequently develops in TB survivors, contributing to post-TB lung disease (PTLD). The true burden of CPA among TB patients remains unclear due to diagnostic challenges and limited data. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CPA among patients with prior or concurrent TB.

The lifetime risk of aging-related diseases among survivors of childhood cancer, accelerated by cancer treatment exposures, is unknown. Understanding this risk can provide a more comprehensive assessment of long-term health across the lifespan of survivors and guide adult care.

Seasonal trends in infectious diseases are shaped by climatic and social factors, with many respiratory viruses peaking in winter. However, the seasonality of COVID-19 remains in dispute, with significant waves of cases across the United States occurring in both winter and summer. Using wavelet analysis of COVID-19 cases, we find that the periodicity of epidemic COVID-19 varies markedly across the U.S. and correlates with winter temperatures, indicating seasonal forcing. However, the pattern of multiple waves per year that has been so disruptive and unique to COVID-19 cannot be explained by seasonal forcing. Using a modified SIRS model that allows specification of the tempo of waning immunity, we show that specific forms of non-durable immunity can sufficiently explain the sub-annual waves characteristic of the COVID-19 epidemic.

During adolescence, tuberculosis incidence rises, with a greater increase in males compared with females. Tuberculosis notifications and estimates infrequently disaggregate adolescent age groups. Moreover, the factors that drive the increases in overall incidence and the male-to-female (MF) ratio remain unclear.